KONTRIBUSI DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP HARGA DIRI REMAJA DENGAN LATAR BELAKANG FATHERLESS

Abstract

The increasing number of adolescents growing up without the presence of a father figure (fatherless) has become an important concern in the field of developmental psychology. The absence of a father in the family has the potential to affect various psychological aspects of adolescents, one of which is the development of self-esteem. Adolescents who experience fatherlessness tend to face challenges in building a positive self-evaluation, especially when it is not supported by adequate social support. Therefore, social support is considered one of the important factors that can help adolescents develop healthy self-esteem. This study aims to examine the relationship between social support and self-esteem among fatherless adolescents. Self-esteem was measured based on Coopersmith’s dimensions, namely power, significance, virtue, and competence. Meanwhile, social support was measured based on Zimet’s concept, which includes family support, peer support, and support from significant others. The participants consisted of 109 students who did not have a father due to divorce or death at SMAN 3 Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation. The results showed a very strong and significant positive relationship between social support and self-esteem among fatherless adolescents at SMAN 3 Palangkaraya. The correlation coefficient was 0.800 (p < 0.001), indicating that higher levels of social support are associated with higher self-esteem. The categorization results showed that most participants had high self-esteem (61.5%) and high social support (56%). These findings indicate that the absence of a father figure does not always negatively impact adolescents’ self-evaluation. Support from the immediate environment, such as mothers, family members, peers, and teachers, plays an important role as a protective factor in maintaining and enhancing adolescents’ self-esteem. Keywords: Self-Esteem, Social Support, Fatherless Adolescents